http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/24 2026-05-11T02:34:13Z 2026-05-11T02:34:13Z Aggarwal, Shivam http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6086 2026-04-21T08:49:07Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Investigation of Composite Material Leaf Springs in Automotive Suspension System Aggarwal, Shivam Currently used spring steel leaf springs have a higher weight, while composite material leaf springs face issues such as delamination and insufficient strength. Various researchers have studied these materials individually, but the present work utilizes both materials in different leaves within a single assembled leaf spring. The analysis of a sandwich composite material leaf spring has been conducted using analytical methods, experimental techniques, and CAE software tools, with the results compared to those of traditional steel leaf springs. Focuses on a composite material leaf spring sandwiched between steel plates, specifically designed for use in electric rickshaw suspension systems. The results demonstrate that the sandwich leaf spring offers equivalent stress, stiffness, strain energy, and deflection, in addition to a 56% reduction in weight and a higher factor of safety, making it suitable for practical applications. In this study, two leaves of glass fibre-reinforced composites (GFRCs) with various shapes, sandwiched between steel plates, were analysed for use in a mini-truck. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis was conducted on five different types of GFRC leaf springs: two flat strata leaf, hybrid geometry flat leaf with parabolic leaf, two parabolic (thickness gradient) leaf, two parabolic (thickness gradient) leaf springs with alloy of aluminium bushes at the eye-end, and 65Si7 multi-leaf springs. A damping absorber was incorporated in the parabolic (thickness gradient) leaf spring to reduce delamination and minimize vibrations at the contact points of the mating leaves. The different shapes and combinations of leaves resulted in varying parameters, such as deformation, maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress, and fatigue life. The CAE results demonstrated that, among the various combinations, the hybrid geometry (flat leaf and parabolic leaf) combination exhibited the highest values for maximum equivalent strain, maximum equivalent stress, and fatigue life. Dr. Krishan Kumar and Dr. M.L. Aggarwal

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Singh, Sumit http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6085 2026-04-21T07:14:22Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

FDM Fabrication and Process Parameters Optimization for Thermoplastic Polymer Blend with Nanoparticles Singh, Sumit Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has recently emerged as a prominent additive manufacturing technology. This technology allows designers to manufacture physical components with complex geometry entirely from various engineering thermoplastics without requiring specialised tools. The FDM process parameters improves the mechanical properties, reduce processing duration, and enhance the accuracy of the components. As a result, this technology faces considerable difficulties regarding the quality and functionality of the produced components. The anisotropic characteristics of the object created in the FDM process are well acknowledged because to their reliance on numerous conflicting process factors. It is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the process’s strengths and weaknesses to optimise the parameters influencing the part’s quality and performance under different loading conditions. This, consequently, ensures that the component operates as per real time requirements. In literature analysis, 3D printing has been proposed for producing real time used product, and it is also feasible to print for more advance uses. Polymer composites are emerging that may be suitable for fabrication of real time applications product through 3D printing, obviating the need for the subtractive manufacturing steps associated with the traditional workflow. Few studies have demonstrated the use of nano particles reinforced composite as the future of 3d printing elevating the mechanical properties for real time applications. Several studies have investigated the effect of various potential process parameters (layer thickness, raster width etc.) on the mechanical properties of the FDM products. FDM type of additive manufacturing has been demonstrated as the affordable and easily available option. FDM has been demonstrated as the least expensive additive manufacturing. This study presents a systematic study on the development of high-performance Polylactic Acid-Nano Graphene (PLA-nGr) composites for real time applications using FDM technology. Following that, the reinforcements were added at varying weight proportions of 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6% nano Graphene by weight to PLA respectively. Melt Flow Index and Differential Scanning Calorimetric test has been used for finalizing the composition of reinforcement. 4.5 wt% Nano Graphene reinforced PLA is found to be more thermally stable than other PLA compositions (1.5%, 3%, and 6% nano Graphene by weight to PLA) based on the findings of crystallinity and endothermic enthalpy. After finalizing the composition, filament has been fabricated using EVO felfill extruder. Further study focuses on methodically varying FDM process parameters including nozzle temperature, infill pattern and infill density. Three samples of each composition (PLA + 4.5% Nano Graphene) for different levels of three different processing parameters, Extrusion temperature (190 °C, 200 °C, 210 °C, 220 °C, 220 °C, 230 °C, iv 240 °C), Infill pattern (Gyroid, Honeycomb, Rectilinear) and Infill density (40%, 50%, 60%) have been printed for Tensile test, Impact Strength, Wear rate, Compressive strength and Surface Roughness as per ASTM standard. L18 OA has been used as per design of experiment. Through rigorous experimental trials, supported by statistical optimization tools Design of Experiments (DOE), Taguchi methods, and ANOVA, the research has successfully identified optimal conditions under which FDM-processed PLA/nano graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior structural integrity and functional performance. This work elucidates the experimental findings of an inquiry into the influence of key FDM process parameters on various quality metrics, including physical (dimensional accuracy, surface roughness) and mechanical (tensile strength, impact resistance, compressive strength, wear rate) properties. This study thoroughly investigates the independent and interactive effects of FDM process parameters on these properties through diverse experimental procedures and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of this research will help advance the use of 3D printing in the Automotive sector where strength - Impact, Tensile, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and surface quality are crucial factors. This study offers a significant advancement in the field of additive manufacturing, particularly in optimizing FDM processes for enhanced material performance through the integration of nanomaterials with FDM technology, paving the way for advanced applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and electronics domains. This research primarily contributes by establishing new correlations between FDM process parameters and the quality attributes of newly developed PLA-nGr material. This work has shown novel avenues for comprehensive research by offering systematic methodologies for leveraging the benefits of FDM. The findings indicate that the FDM process parameters significantly affect the quality and performance of the manufactured components. Optimised process parameters give a promising possibility for development. This study’s conclusions provide technical and scientific insights that could promptly enhance the additive manufacturing industry by augmenting product quality, efficiency, and mechanical properties. The results are analysed, discussed, and evaluated following the validation of optimal process parameters and their comparison to the strengths of actual components. The study’s proposed approach and analytical tools are broadly applicable and will be utilised across various AM technologies, especially for nonlinear systems with multiple inputs and the management of numerous interdependent outputs. The study’s pragmatic recommendations for choosing FDM fabrication parameters will enhance the quality and functionality of generated components across several sectors, while also promoting further improvements in FDM systems. DR. RAJESH KUMAR ATTRI and DR. SHEFALI TRIVEDI

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Ojha, Vimlesh Kumar http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6084 2026-04-21T07:10:26Z 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z

Data Driven Decision Making in Advance Manufacturing Systems Ojha, Vimlesh Kumar In the growing economy, retail sector has become one of the major contributors by way of providing numerous employment opportunities to people. India is known as a land of shopkeepers, which are easily seen at every nook and corner of the localities. For opening up a retail store there is no minimum limit of investments, it depends upon the investor, therefore a large number of people easily open up a retail store and are employed in this sector. Retailing in India is one of the important pillars of its economy, accounts for over 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product. India holds the place of fifth largest global destination in the retail space. The retail sector in India is continuously witnessing a big transformation from melas to haats to mom and pop stores to supermarkets to hypermarkets, big glitzy malls to e-retailing to digital malls. With the change in demographic profile of the customers and ever changing expectations of the customers the retailers are expected to serve better everyday to its customers. The Government of India on the other side in order to follow the norms of LPG (liberalization, privatization, globalization), is opening up the economy for the foreign players. The Indian retail sector is gaining importance for the foreign players as India now a day is being considered as one of the lucrative market for making investments. The country is having a vast geographical area, big population base and a large customer base of young generation. The young generation is capable of easy influence and is likely to accept new products offered in the market. The Government has taken various steps from time to time to attract foreign investors to make investment in the country. FDI is allowed in a country with an expectation that it with help in the development of the country with improved infrastructure by way of investments in the host country. The customers are having different perceptions regarding FDI in Indian retail sector and retailers are having different perceptions for it. Both the customers and the retailers are directly affected by the policies of the Government related to FDI in Indian retail sector. The customers are having expectations like access to foreign brands, improved quality of the products and services. The retailers are concerned about opening up of the retail sector for foreign players for a purpose that they would be acting as their competitors. The impact of FDI in Indian retail sector is still a question to be answered, thus the present study tries to explore about the perceptions of the retailers and customers regarding allowing FDI in Indian retail sector. The main objective of the study is to study the II impact of FDI in retail sector, with reference to National Capital Region (Delhi NCR), keeping in view the perceptions of customers and retailers regarding impact of FDI in Indian retail sector. The secondary data for the study is collected from reports of Reserve Bank of India, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Indian Brand Equity Foundation, Priceware Copper, Technopak analysis, Earnest & Young, Delloitte, KPMG(Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler) etc. The primary data is collected from the retailers and customers belonging to Delhi, NCR (National Capital Region) region. The responses collected from customers are being analyzed by converting into factors with the help of EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and are further confirmed with application of CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). Total eight factors are confirmed. The shopping behavior of the customers related to organized retail outlets and unorganized retail outlets is being studied with the help of ANOVA and Crosstab. The perceptions of customers related to opportunities, challenges, positive and negative impact is analyzed with the help of factors extracted. The responses collected from retailers of Delhi NCR region are analyzed. To explore the relationship between education level of the retailers and the services provided by them in the retail store, chi- square test and cross tab is used. The results show that with increase in level of education the retailers are more likely to offer improved services to the customers. The variables under the study are converted into factors by applying EFA and CFA. Total five factors are confirmed. The factors are analyzed further by way of descriptive analysis and reliability analysis to know the perceptions of the retailers. Regression analysis is used to know the positive impact, negative impact, opportunities and challenges related to FDI in Indian retail sector. The study will help retailers to know about the perceptions of customers related to FDI in Indian retail sector. This will help retailers to make up their strategies Dr. SANJEEV GOYAL and Dr. MAHESH CHAND

2025-05-01T00:00:00Z Om Prakash http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3406 2025-05-30T11:35:54Z 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z

Modeling and simulation of commercial slurry flow through pipeline systems Om Prakash

2023-12-01T00:00:00Z